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The history of Utah Beach : the bunker
Testimonies of Roger Chagnon, NOIC's veteran
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The organisation
on the beach |
The
bunker was built by the german army as part of their defenses
of the Normandy beaches sometime before June 1944. At that
time, it was probably used as a telephone control center and
was attached to a damaged fisherman's cottage. It also had
false windows painted on the outside wall to make it look
like a part of the cottage. The figure also shows three sailors
from the 2nd Naval Beach Battalion (NBB), dressed in army
uniforms, pausing at the bunker for a rest during some quiet
moments. At approximately 10:30 A.M. of D-Day, the communication
group, comprising about 7 officers and 40+ enlisted men, raidomen,
yeomen and seamen, landed on the beach at an entry point close
to the present location of the Utah Beach museum.
They immediately set themselves
up as an operational communications center using 3 international
trucks containing all the necessary radio equipment to perform
their mission. Their job was to support the Naval Officer
in charge (NOIC) of Utah Beach who along with the beachmaster
of the 2nb NBB, was responsible for the landing of men and
equipment on the beach during the day of the invasion and
also, beyond that time. The 2nd NBB operated voice radios
and were concerned wtih the movement of material and men which
were more time-critical and did not require the encoding of
their messages for security reasons whereas, the NOIC men
were concerned with transmission of messages which were security-related
and therefore required encoding and transmission by radio
Morse code.
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The soldiers landing
in june 1944 |
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D-Day +1, upon receiving word from the Naval Combat Demolition
Units (NCDU) or the Army ESB that the bunker was clear of
any booby traps, the NOIC men moved in. All radio equipment
was taken out of the trucks and relocated to the bunker along
with other miscellaneous furnishings. Outside antennas were
installed, cables buried in the sand with the help of German
POW's and on D-Day+2, the bunker became fully operationnal
as a radio communication center. Though the bunker room is
relatively small, the group managed to squeeze in about 6
or 7 radio operators and in an adjoining cove, a radio supervisor
and a messenger installed themselves to start the first radio
watch. Radio operations were based on 3 shifts per day, with
men working two 4-hour shifts every day of the week for close
to 5 months. The center generally communicated with other
invasion beaches (Omaha Beach); off-shore vessels, various
command ships at sea and had the capability of getting messages
to any Navy location in the world using its special radio
frequency (NSS) which broadcoast continuously around the dock.
Operations continued until October 31, 1944, at which time,
all the men went off into different directions depending the
walls of the bunker, not knowing that they would be discovered
50 years later. Some men were assigned to mobile units providing
support to the crossing of the Rhine, to operations against
pockets of resistance in France, to ships at sea and some
others, to the U.S. for transfer to the Pacific Theatre.
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